Standard reference values for musculoskeletal ultrasonography

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EXTENDED REPORT Standard reference values for musculoskeletal ultrasonography

Objectives: To determine standard reference values for musculoskeletal ultrasonography in healthy adults. Methods: Ultrasonography was performed on 204 shoulders, elbows, hands, hips, knees, and feet of 102 healthy volunteers (mean age 38.4 years; range 20–60; 54 women) with a linear probe (10–5 MHz; Esaote Technos MP). Diameters of tendons, bursae, cartilage, erosions, hypoechoic rims around t...

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Doppler ultrasonography of the fetoplacental circulation--normal reference values.

Normal reference values for the resistance index, A/B ratio and pulsatility index of the umbilical artery obtained by Doppler ultrasonography are presented. The resistance index and A/B ratio values are very similar to those previously published, indicating no need to formulate normal values for different populations. The pulsatility index differed from other published values, probably reflecti...

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Musculoskeletal ultrasonography in gout.

Gout is a frequent inflammatory disease induced by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and extra-articular tissues. The natural history of the disease includes four different phases: asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute attacks, intercritical phase, and chronic tophaceous gout. Imaging techniques have several applications in the diagnosis, clinical monitoring and management of th...

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Artifacts in musculoskeletal ultrasonography.

During the past 2 decades, high-resolution ultrasonography (US) has been increasingly utilized in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal trauma and diseases with results comparable with MR imaging. US has an advantage over other cross-sectional modalities in many circumstances due to its superior spatial resolution and ability to allow dynamic assessment. When performing musculoskeletal US, the exami...

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[Reference values for carboxyhemoglobin].

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

سال: 2004

ISSN: 0003-4967

DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.015081